NGO
Another Way (Stichting Bakens Verzet), 1018 AM
01. E-course :
Diploma in Integrated Development (Dip. Int.
Dev.)
Edition
01: 11 November, 2009
Value: 06
points out of 18 .
Expected work
load: 186 hours out of 504.
The points
are finally awarded only on passing the consolidated exam for Section B :
Solutions to the Problems.
Fourth
block: The structures to be created.
Value : 03 points out of 18
Expected work load: 96 hours
out of 504
The points are
finally awarded only on passing the consolidated exam for Section B :
Solutions to the Problems.
Fourth
block: The structures to be created.
Section 1. Justification of
the order of sequence for the creation of the structures. [16 hours]
14.00 hours: Justification of the order of sequence for the
creation of the structures.
02.00 hours : Preparation
report.
Section 1. Justification of
the order of sequence for the creation of the structures. [16 hours]
14.00 hours: Justification of the order of sequence for the
creation of the structures.
3. The first phase of
execution.
4. The second phase of
execution.
5. The third phase of
execution.
6. Chart showing the execution
structures.
02.00 hours : Preparation
report.
14.00 hours: Justification of the order of sequence for the
creation of the structures.
4. The second phase of
execution. (At least two hours’ work)
Look at the following slides:
GRAPH SHOWING DEVELOPMENT OF
MICRO-LOANS .
THE INTEREST-FREE LOAN CYCLE
.
HOW THE ORIGINAL SEED LOAN
MONEY IS USED.
GRAPH SHOWING TYPICAL
QUARTERLY EXPENDITURE.
DETAILED TYPICAL EXPENDITURE
FIRST QUARTER.
DETAILED TYPICAL EXPENDITURE
SECOND QUARTER.
DETAILED EXPENDITURE THIRD
QUARTER.
DETAILED EXPENDITURE FOURTH QUARTER
DETAILED
EXPENDITURE FIFTH QUARTER
Second phase
activities are the responsibility of the 07. Cooperative for Project Execution described in the third block : Section 2 : Division of responsibilities
amongst the three project levels.
There is no set
time for the creation of the various structures. Usually they should all be formed
within 12 months. However, even during that period, management for structures
which have been formed and are in operative condition will be transferred to the 06. Permanent cooperative for the
management of the project structures.
First
of all, the financial circuit has to be set up. Seer : 06.21 Circulation of funds: organigram
of the bank circuit of the Model.
The second
phase of execution is the most critical one.
Institutions are set up following the principles of Santos de Morais as
analysed in section 2. Moraisian workshops of this
section 1 of the fourth block.
See
Model annexes 09.11 et 09.12 : information on the workshops and a bibliography of
the work of Clodomir Santos de Morais.
The order of sequence of the workshops is very
important.. The first involves the 06.22 Creation of the Health Clubs. This is the
most delicate and critical phase of them all, as it involves the formation of
basic structures for operation by giving women a fair chance to organise
themselves. The second set of structures
involves the formation of the 06.23 local social structures,
which are the hinge structures of the whole system. The third structure to be
created is the one setting up a 06.24
local money system, followed by the one for 06.25 micro-credits, the one
for 06.26 production units to make
items from gypsum composites, and the one for 06.27 waste recycling, and
the one for the production of 06.28 bio-mass for stoves,,
the local 06.29 radio station and
those for 06.29 drinking water supply, and the other planned structures.
A cooperative,
interest-free, inflation-free local economic environment is created in each
individual project area. A local
economic system is set up where financial leakage is reduced and if possible
blocked altogether. The small amount of formal money reaching a project
area is kept there, and continually recycled Sect. 1 : Analysis of the causes
of poverty of Block
1 : Poverty and the quality of life showed
that financial leakage is caused in the first place by interest (up to
40% of a typical industrial product is made of interest which has accumulated
the production chain), in the second place by energy (whether national of
international) produced outside the project, by fertilisers produced outside
the project area, and by medical services and medicines imported from outside
the project area and often from outside the country where the project is taking
place.
The sequence for the creation of the simple
cooperative social, financial, productive and services structures is critical
for project execution.
1. First, about 05.12 200 health clubs, each based on 40 families
(200-300 people) are set up. They form a platform for women, to make sure they
can organise themselves in groups and participate en bloc at local development meetings and to
play a dominant role in the various social, economic, service and productive
structures set up. The issue of the role played by women in development is
solved this way as women can take most of the responsibility for management of
the project structures. The initial costs of the Health Clubs are covered by
project funds until the local money system is created. At this stage, it is
clear that the drinking water supply structures are not yet in place. They are,
in fact, amongst the last structures to be created.
2. Once the Health Clubs are in operation,
about 200 05.13 tank- or local development
commissions are set up. They are based on the same groups of 40 families
(200-300 people). The commissions each have 3 - 5 members, all or at least most
of whom are women. These commissions are the heart of the project. They in turn
elect about 35 intermediate of well commissions, which in turn choose a central
management unit. The functions of the tank commission are illustrated in the
slide the key structures. Initial
costs relating to the tank commissions are borne by the project budget until
the local money system is created. Via the tank commissions, the other social
structures foreseen are set up. These are
05.14 the well commissions,
the 05.15 central committee, and,
later on, 06.16 the social security
structures..
3. Once the tank and well commissions and the
central management unit are in place, it is possible to set up the 05.21 SEL-LETS local money systems
can be set up. They offer the inhabitants in the project area means for the
transfer of all locally produced and consumed goods and services. The art is at
this point to identify and use technologies enabling most of the goods and
services necessary to local development and a good quality of life in the
project area to be produced with 100% local value added. Such goods and
services can then be produced, installed, maintained and paid under the
framework of the local money systems set up, without the need for any formal
money at all. An example applied in this project is the possibility to produce,
install, manage, and maintain a complete dry composting eco-sanitation
structure through out the project area without the need for a cent of formal
money. The costs of running the local money systems are covered under the local
money systems themselves.
4. Once the LETS local money systems are in
place, a distinction can be made between what can be done under the local money
systems and what must be “imported” into the project area. Goods and services
needed for basic urgently needed services
such as clean drinking water supply, use is made of the project’s seed
funds to cover the formal money (Euros) cost of imported goods and services.
For other initiatives 05.22
cooperative interest-free micro-credit structures are put in place. These
recycle the users' monthly contributions (usually between Euro 0,60 and Euro
0,75 per person) to the Cooperative Local Development Fund interest-free for
credits for sustainable productivity purposes, for the purpose of purchasing
goods for productivity increase not locally produced. The micro-credit systems
will allow at least Euro 1500 of interest-free micro-credit per family during
the first ten years of the project. Probably more, as the Euro 1500 is
conservatively based on an average two-year pay back time. The Cooperative
Local Development Fund is set up as a project structure. It belongs to, and is
run by the people themselves, at the beginning with professional support
through the project Coordinator.. The costs of running the micro-credit
structures are covered under the local money systems.
5. Once the cooperative micro-credit structures
and the LETS local money systems are in place, the production structures can be
set up, and in particular units for the production of 05.31
articles from gypsum composites. Amongst the priority items for manufacture
in these factories are products necessary for the water supply project such as water
tanks, well linings, water containers, etc.
When capacity is available they can start making the planned ecological
sanitation systems, and other necessary items such as high efficiency stoves,
rainwater harvesting systems, construction components. Since cheap gypsum or
anhydrite deposits are (usually) present or near the project area, no formal
money is needed either for the raw materials or for production. Installation
and maintenance.
6) Interest-free cooperative purchasing
structures can then be set up at tank commission, well commission, and central
committee levels to finance the purchase interest-free of domestic solar
systems and other structures for the generation of sustainable energy of
specific interest to the populations in the area.
1. Research.
The second phase of project execution is
directly limited to the life of 07.the cooperative for project execution referred to in the third block Section
2 :Division of responsibility amongst the three levels of each project.
.On one page
explain why.
2. Research.
The number of people participating in
the various workshops can vary greatly from one workshop to the other. On one page,
explain why.
Integrated development project structures are created
to form together a single cooperative local economic environment. Yet they
remain independent one of the other. The creation of the structures takes place
in tranches.
3. Research.
On two pages
set out the innovative aspects of this approach to development issues. Start
with a short introduction, then the adaptation of Moraisian workshops to this application, the mobilisation and active
participation of large numbers of people, the interdependence of the social,
financial, productive and service structures, and their horizontal and vertical
organisation .End with your conclusion.
4. Opinion.
The execution
of each workshop, especially the first one, carries risks.. Suppose that
logistical, professional, and didactic problems have been solved. Which other
risks can in your opinion lead to the need to repeat the workshop ? Here
are a few key words you may wish to use amongst others : group
psychology ;traditional influences
and roles ; personal
ambition ; timidity ; illiteracy ;lack of general vision. On one
page make a list of at least three factors, and explain which risks they cause
and the consequences they can have.
◄ Fourth block : Section 1. Justification of the order
of sequence for the creation of the structures.
◄ Fourth block : The structures to
be created.
◄ Main index for the
Diploma in Integrated Development (Dip. Int. Dev.)
"Money
is not the key that opens the gates of the market but the bolt that bars
them."
Gesell,
Silvio, The Natural Economic Order, revised English edition, Peter Owen,
“Poverty is created scarcity”
Wahu Kaara, point 8 of the Global Call to Action Against Poverty, 58th
annual NGO Conference, United Nations,
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